SPACE AUTONOMY MONITOREuropean strategic autonomy in space—

Method & Sources

Source register

Every source used, the exact statement it supports, and whether that statement has been verified against the KPI definition. 24 sources · 33 source–value links.

Verification overview

Verified primary source 16Verified secondary source 1Partially verified 11Conflicting evidence 3Source verification pending 2No reliable source identified 0
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Sources (3)

  • T2 · European Space Agency · Tier 1 · Official primary

    A look back at 2025 for Europe's Spaceport

    European Space Agency (ESA)

    Official ESA account of 2025 launches from Europe's Spaceport (Kourou). Lists individual launches; does not state a Europe-wide total and does not cover launches from other European sites.

    Published:
    13 Mar 2026
    Accessed:
    9 Nov 2026

    • Lists four Ariane 6 and three Vega-C launches from Europe's Spaceport in 2025 (e.g. "1 December: launch of Kompsat-7 satellite"; "17 December: 14th launch of Galileo satellites").

      Period: 2025 · Scope: Europe's Spaceport (Kourou) only

      Limitations: Total is derived by counting listed launches; ESA does not state a Europe-wide total. Excludes launches from other sites.

      Reliability: Tier 2 (ESA). High reliability for the launches listed.

      Individual launches located in retrieved text. Count of 7 derived.

      ⚑ Partially verified

      Checked 9 Nov 2026

  • T7 · News media · Tier 4 · General media

    Rocket Report: A new super-heavy launch site in California; 2025 year in review

    Ars Technica

    Reputable trade journalism. Counting rules (attempts vs successes, provider vs site) are not stated precisely. Context and cross-check only.

    Published:
    9 Jan 2026
    Accessed:
    9 Nov 2026

    • "Europe with eight"; "SpaceX launched 165 Falcon 9 rockets in 2025"; "In addition to five Starship-Super Heavy launches"; "China, which attempted 92 orbital launches in 2025".

      Period: 2025 · Scope: Europe; SpaceX; China

      Limitations: Counting rule (attempts vs successes; provider vs site) not stated.

      Reliability: Tier 7 (news media). Context and cross-check only.

      Statements located in retrieved text. Contradicts supplied SpaceX (175) and China (94) figures.

      ✓ Verified secondary source

      Checked 9 Nov 2026

  • T8 · Supplied input (not evidence) · No governance tier (not evidence)

    Space Autonomy Monitor: Phase 1 KPI framework and initial figures (no URL: not a public document)

    Project owner (internal brief)

    Starting inputs only. Not independent evidence. Figures are preserved for traceability and flagged until traced to a documented source.

    Published:
    Supplied on 9 November 2026. Underlying references were not provided with the brief.
    Accessed:
    9 Nov 2026

    • 9 European orbital launches in 2025; SpaceX 175; China 94.

      Period: 2025 · Scope: Europe (undefined)

      Limitations: No counting rule or source given.

      Reliability: Not independent evidence.

      Not supported by the ESA launch list (7 successful from Kourou) or Ars Technica (8 for Europe).

      ⚑ Conflicting evidence

      Not checked