Method & Sources

Source register

Every source used, the exact statement it supports, and whether that statement has been verified against the KPI definition. 24 sources · 33 source–value links.

Verification overview

Verified primary source 16 Verified secondary source 1 Partially verified 11 Conflicting evidence 3 Source verification pending 2 No reliable source identified 0

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Sources (4)

T2 · European Space Agency · Tier 1 · Official primary
Two arrangements mark a new step for Ariane 6 and Vega-C exploitation
European Space Agency (ESA)
Official ESA statement on launch operator arrangements: Arianespace/ArianeGroup for Ariane 6, Avio for Vega-C.
Published:
14 Nov 2025
Accessed:
9 Nov 2026
- KPI 02 · Operational European launch providers
  primary
  Arrangements signed "one with Arianespace and ArianeGroup for Ariane 6, and one with Avio for Vega-C"; Avio assumes "additional responsibilities for selling and operating the Vega launch service."
  Period: From 14 November 2025 · Scope: Europe
  Limitations: Classification of Avio as an independent provider depends on ownership/control definition.
  Reliability: Tier 2 (ESA).
  Statements located in retrieved text.
  ✓ Verified primary source
  Checked 9 Nov 2026
T2 · European Space Agency · Tier 1 · Official primary
Spectrum lifts off
European Space Agency (ESA)
Official ESA statement that Isar Aerospace reached orbit with Spectrum on 5 September 2026.
Published:
9 Sept 2026
Accessed:
9 Nov 2026
- KPI 02 · Operational European launch providers
  primary
  "German company Isar Aerospace successfully reached orbit with their Spectrum launcher, lifting off from Andøya Spaceport in Norway on 5 September 2026."
  Period: 5 September 2026 · Scope: Andøya, Norway
  Limitations: Establishes orbital success, not operational readiness.
  Reliability: Tier 2 (ESA).
  Statement located in retrieved text.
  ✓ Verified primary source
  Checked 9 Nov 2026
T2 · European Space Agency · Tier 1 · Official primary
Vega-C
European Space Agency (ESA)
Official ESA programme description. Undated page; content may be revised without notice.
Published:
Undated programme page.
Accessed:
9 Nov 2026
- KPI 02 · Operational European launch providers
  primary
  "Arianespace was responsible for commercial exploitation of the launch system until 2026 when Avio started to take over."
  Period: Until 2026 · Scope: Europe
  Limitations: Undated page.
  Reliability: Tier 2 (ESA).
  Statement located in retrieved text.
  ✓ Verified primary source
  Checked 9 Nov 2026
T6 · Company disclosure · Tier 1 · Official primary
Isar Aerospace lifts off successfully during first test flight of orbital launch vehicle
Isar Aerospace
Company disclosure about its own flight. Reliable for the flight outcome stated (flight terminated at T+30 s); company framing of success refers to lift-off, not orbit.
Published:
30 Mar 2025
Accessed:
9 Nov 2026
- KPI 02 · Operational European launch providers
  primary
  First Spectrum flight "was terminated at T+30 seconds and fell directly into the sea in controlled manner."
  Period: 30 March 2025 · Scope: Andøya, Norway
  Limitations: Company disclosure about its own flight.
  Reliability: Tier 6 (company disclosure). Reliable for flight outcome.
  Statement located in retrieved text. Confirms no orbital success in 2025.
  ✓ Verified primary source
  Checked 9 Nov 2026