KPI 08 · Threat & vulnerability indicator
European air traffic exposed to GNSS interference
Strategic objective: Resilience of European positioning, navigation and timing.
This is a threat and vulnerability indicator, not a direct measure of European strategic autonomy. No autonomy target is set.
Latest value
38%
Reporting period: 2021 (latest documented)
Baseline
38%
Baseline period: 2021
Warning threshold
Warning threshold: above 50%
No defensible target established
Status and how it was assigned
Assessment, distinct from the sourced values. Status methodology
Threat and vulnerability indicator without an autonomy target. It is not forced into a performance category and is excluded from the status counts.
Quality indicators
Data quality
⚑ Outdated
Status of the measurement itself.
Confidence
✓ Medium
Independent of the progress status.
Data freshness
⚑ Outdated
Latest period ends 31 Dec 2021; outdated after 24 months.
Source availability
✓ 2 of 3 verified
Source–value links fully verified.
Limitations
⚑ 3 open questions
See limitations and outstanding questions.
Definition
Share of European en-route traffic that operates through regions intermittently but regularly affected by GNSS radio-frequency interference (RFI), per EUROCONTROL. This is a threat and vulnerability indicator, not a direct measure of European strategic autonomy.
- Exposure
- Traffic operating through affected regions. This KPI.
- Actual disruption
- Flights whose navigation was degraded. Not measured here.
- Jamming
- Signal denial by RF noise.
- Spoofing
- Transmission of false GNSS signals.
- Reported incidents
- Pilot or ANSP reports. A separate, reporting-dependent measure.
Historical development
Observation log
All recorded values, including supplied, comparison and contextual figures. History is append-only; values are never overwritten.
| Period | Value | Series · type | Source · status |
|---|---|---|---|
| H2 2020 | 38.5% European en-route traffic (EUROCONTROL area) | Exposed en-route traffic Measurement | EUROCONTROL: GNSS webinar introduction ✓ Verified primary source "38.5% of European en-route traffic operates through regions intermittently, but regularly affected by RFI." Based on Airbus detection data. Exposure, not disruption. Confidence medium · added 9 Nov 2026 |
| 2021 | 38% European network traffic (EUROCONTROL area) | Exposed en-route traffic Baseline | EUROCONTROL: Monitoring GNSS RF Interference ✓ Verified primary source "Can affect around 38% of European Network Traffic." Approximate. Matches the supplied 38% baseline. Confidence medium · added 9 Nov 2026 |
Sources and evidence
What each source supports for this KPI. A URL alone does not make a value verified.
input source
Space Autonomy Monitor: Phase 1 KPI framework and initial figures
Project owner (internal brief) · Supplied input (not evidence)
Published: Supplied on 9 November 2026. Underlying references were not provided with the brief. · Accessed: 9 Nov 2026
38% of European air traffic exposed; up to 40% also referenced.
Reference period: Not stated · Scope: Europe
Limitations: Supplied summary.
⚑ Source verification pending38% matches EUROCONTROL 2021; "up to 40%" not traced.
primary source
WELCOME to the GNSS webinar / EUROCONTROL Stakeholder ForumEUROCONTROL · Intergovernmental organisation
Published: Date not displayed; file path indicates March 2021. · Accessed: 9 Nov 2026
"38.5% of European en-route traffic operates through regions intermittently, but regularly affected by RFI"; "5% of traffic in these regions could, given current RFI levels, need special assistance."
Reference period: H2 2020 · Scope: European en-route traffic
Limitations: Exposure, not disruption. Based on Airbus detection data. Presentation material. Outdated.
✓ Verified primary sourceChecked 9 Nov 2026Statement located in retrieved text.
primary source
Monitoring GNSS RF Interference (Network Manager User Forum)EUROCONTROL · Intergovernmental organisation
Published: Date not displayed; file path indicates February 2022. · Accessed: 9 Nov 2026
"Can affect around 38% of European Network Traffic."
Reference period: 1 January–31 December 2021 · Scope: European network traffic
Limitations: Exposure, not disruption. Approximate. Presentation material. Outdated.
✓ Verified primary sourceChecked 9 Nov 2026Statement located in retrieved text.
Related strategic risks
Suggested relationships, not validated causal links.
- R4 Deterrence versus arms race
GNSS interference is a warning indicator of hostile activity.
⚑ Suggested link — not validated
Related capabilities
Suggested relationships, not validated causal links.
- C05 Galileo and European navigation services
Interference exposure affects navigation services.
⚑ Suggested link — not validated
Related news
Reserved for linking in a later phase.
No news linked yet